Genesis 27
⸢shaded⸣ in the Greek, not in the Hebrew · ‸ in the Hebrew, not in the Greek. Tap a mark to see it explained. underlined where the Hebrew has the word and the Greek says it differently.
In this chapter: 91 differences of wording, 22 pluses, 14 minuses, each marked by the translator.
Swete prints Codex Alexandrinus here.
1 Ἐγένετο δὲ μετὰ τὸ γηρᾶσαι Ἰσαὰκ καὶ ἠμβλύνθησαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ὁρᾷν, καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ἠσαὺ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν πρεσβύτερον καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Υἱέ μου. καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ἰδοὺ ἐγώ.
2 καὶ εἶπεν Ἰδοὺ γεγήρακα, καὶ οὐ γινώσκω τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς τελευτῆς μου·
3 νῦν οὖν λάβε τὸ σκεῦος, τήν τε φαρέτραν καὶ τὸ τόξον, καὶ ἔξελθε εἰς τὸ πεδίον καὶ θήρευσόν μοι θήραν·
4 καὶ ποίησόν μοι ἐδέσματα ὡς φιλῶ ἐγώ, καὶ ἔνεγκόν μοι ἵνα φάγω· ὅπως εὐλογήσῃ σε ἡ ψυχή μου πρὸ τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν με.
5 Ῥεβέκκα δὲ ἤκουσεν λαλοῦντος Ἰσαὰκ πρὸς Ἠσαὺ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ· ἐπορεύθη δὲ Ἠσαὺ εἰς τὸ πεδίον θηρεῦσαι θήραν τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ.
6 Ῥεβέκκα δὲ εἶπεν πρὸς Ἰακὼβ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν ἐλάσσω Ἴδε ἐγὼ ἤκουσα τοῦ πατρός σου λαλοῦντος πρὸς Ἠσαὺ τὸν ἀδελφόν σου λέγοντος
7 Ἔνεγκόν μοι θήραν καὶ ποίησόν μοι ἐδέσματα, ἵνα φαγὼν εὐλογήσω σε ἐναντίον Κυρίου πρὸ τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν με.
8 νῦν οὖν, υἱέ, ἄκουσόν μου καθὰ ἐγὼ ἐντέλλομαί σοι·
9 καὶ πορευθεὶς εἰς τὰ πρόβατα λάβε μοι ἐκεῖθεν δύο ἐρίφους ἁπαλοὺς καὶ καλούς, καὶ ποιήσω αὐτοὺς ἐδέσματα τῷ πατρί σου ὡς φιλεῖ·
10 καὶ εἰσοίσεις τῷ πατρί σου καὶ φάγεται, ὅπως εὐλογήσῃ σε ὁ πατήρ σου πρὸ τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν αὐτόν.
11 εἶπεν δὲ Ἰακὼβ πρὸς Ῥεβέκκαν τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ Ἔστιν Ἠσαὺ ὁ ἀδελφός μου ἀνὴρ δασύς, ἐγὼ δὲ ἀνὴρ λεῖος·
12 μή ποτε ψηλαφήσῃ με ὁ πατήρ μου, καὶ ἔσομαι ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ ὡς καταφρονῶν, καὶ ἐπάξω ἐπ’ ἐμαυτὸν κατάραν καὶ οὐκ εὐλογίαν.
13 εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ ἡ μήτηρ Ἐπ’ ἐμὲ ἡ κατάρα σου, τέκνον· μόνον ὑπάκουσον τῆς φωνῆς μου, καὶ πορευθεὶς ἔνεγκαί μοι.
14 πορευθεὶς δὲ ἔλαβεν καὶ ἤνεγκεν τῇ μητρί, καὶ ἐποίησεν ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ ἐδέσματα καθὰ ἐφίλει ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ.
15 καὶ λαβοῦσα Ῥεβέκκα τὴν στολὴν Ἠσαὺ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτῆς τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου τὴν καλήν, ἣ ἦν παρ’ αὐτῇ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ, καὶ ἐνέδυσεν Ἰακὼβ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν νεώτερον·
16 καὶ τὰ δέρματα τῶν ἐρίφων περιέθηκεν ἐπὶ τοὺς βραχίονας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ γυμνὰ τοῦ τραχήλου αὐτοῦ·
17 καὶ ἔδωκεν τὰ ἐδέσματα καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους οὓς ἐποίησεν εἰς τὰς χεῖρας Ἰακὼβ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτῆς.
18 καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ· εἶπεν δέ Πάτερ μου· ὁ δὲ εἶπεν Ἰδοὺ ἐγώ· τίς εἶ σύ, τέκνον;
19 καὶ εἶπεν Ἰακὼβ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ Ἐγὼ Ἠσαὺ ὁ πρωτότοκός σου, ἐποίησα καθὰ ἐλάλησάς μοι· ἀναστὰς κάθισον καὶ φάγε τῆς θήρας μου, ὅπως εὐλογήσῃ με ἡ ψυχή σου.
20 εἶπεν δὲ Ἰσαὰκ τῷ υἱῷ αὐτοῦ Τί τοῦτο ὃ ταχὺ εὗρες, ὦ τέκνον; ὁ δὲ εἶπεν Ὃ παρέδωκεν Κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἐναντίον μου.
21 εἶπεν δὲ Ἰσαὰκ τῷ Ἰακώβ Ἔγγισόν μοι καὶ ψηλαφήσω σε, τέκνον, εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱός μου Ἠσαὺ ἢ οὔ.
22 ἤγγισεν δὲ Ἰακὼβ πρὸς Ἰσαὰκ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐψηλάφησεν αὐτόν· καὶ εἶπεν Ἡ φωνὴ φωνὴ Ἰακώβ, αἱ δὲ χεῖρες χεῖρες Ἠσαύ.
23 καὶ οὐκ ἐπέγνω αὐτόν· ἦσαν γὰρ αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ ὡς αἱ χεῖρες Ἠσαὺ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ δασεῖαι· καὶ ηὐλόγησεν αὐτόν.
24 καὶ εἶπεν Σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱός μου Ἠσαύ; ὁ δὲ εἶπεν Ἐγώ.
25 καὶ εἶπεν Προσάγαγέ μοι καὶ φάγομαι ἀπὸ τῆς θήρας σου, τέκνον, ὅπως εὐλογήσῃ σε ἡ ψυχή μου. καὶ προσήνεγκεν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἔφαγεν· καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν αὐτῷ οἶνον, καὶ ἔπιεν.
26 καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ἰσαὰκ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ Ἔγγισόν μοι καὶ φίλησόν με, τέκνον.
27 καὶ ἐγγίσας ἐφίλησεν αὐτόν· καὶ ὠσφράνθη τὴν ὀσμὴν τῶν ἱματίων αὐτοῦ, καὶ ηὐλόγησεν αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπεν Ἰδοὺ ὀσμὴ τοῦ υἱοῦ μου ὡς ὀσμὴ ἀγροῦ πλήρους ὃν ηὐλόγησεν Κύριος.
28 καὶ δῴη σοι ὁ θεὸς ἀπὸ τῆς δρόσου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἄνωθεν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς πιότητος τῆς γῆς, καὶ πλῆθος σίτου καὶ οἴνου.
29 καὶ δουλευσάτωσάν σοι ἔθνη, καὶ προσκυνήσουσίν σοι ἄρχοντες· καὶ γίνου κύριος τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, καὶ προσκυνήσουσίν σε οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρός σου. ὁ καταρώμενός σε ἐπικατάρατος, ὁ δὲ εὐλογῶν σε εὐλογημένος.
30 Καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ τὸ παύσασθαι Ἰσαὰκ εὐλογοῦντα τὸν Ἰακὼβ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἐξῆλθεν Ἰακὼβ ἀπὸ προσώπου Ἰσαὰκ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ Ἠσαὺ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἦλθεν ἀπὸ τῆς θήρας αὐτοῦ.
31 καὶ ἐποίησεν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐδέσματα καὶ προσήνεγκεν τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ· καὶ εἶπεν τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ Ἀναστήτω ὁ πατήρ μου καὶ φαγέτω τῆς θήρας τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅπως εὐλογήσει με ἡ ψυχή σου.
32 καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ἰσαὰκ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ Τίς εἶ σύ; ὁ δὲ εἶπεν Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ υἱός σου ὁ πρωτότοκος Ἠσαύ.
33 ἐξέστη δὲ Ἰσαὰκ ἔκστασιν μεγάλην σφόδρα καὶ εἶπεν Τίς οὖν ὁ θηρεύσας μοι θήραν καὶ εἰσενέγκας μοι, καὶ ἔφαγον ἀπὸ πάντων πρὸ τοῦ σε εἰσελθεῖν, καὶ ηὐλόγησα αὐτόν; καὶ εὐλογημένος ἔστω.
34 ἐγένετο δὲ ἡνίκα ἤκουσεν Ἠσαὺ τὰ ῥήματα Ἰσαὰκ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, ἀνεβόησεν Ἠσαὺ φωνὴν μεγάλην καὶ πικρὰν σφόδρα, καὶ εἶπεν Εὐλόγησον δὴ κἀμέ, πάτερ.
35 εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ Ἐλθὼν ὁ ἀδελφός σου μετὰ δόλου ἔλαβεν τὴν εὐλογίαν σου.
36 καὶ εἶπεν Δικαίως ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰακώβ· ἐπτέρνικεν γάρ με ἤδη δεύτερον τοῦτο· τά τε πρωτοτοκεῖά μου εἴληφεν, καὶ νῦν εἴληφεν τὴν εὐλογίαν μου. καὶ εἶπεν Ἠσαὺ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ Οὐχ ὑπελείπου μοι εὐλογίαν, πάτερ;
37 ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ἰσαὰκ εἶπεν τῷ Ἠσαύ Εἰ κύριον αὐτὸν ἐποίησά σου, καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ ἐποίησα αὐτοῦ οἰκέτας, σίτῳ καὶ οἴνῳ ἐστήρισα αὐτόν· σοὶ δὲ τί ποιήσω, τέκνον;
38 εἶπεν δὲ Ἠσαὺ πρὸς Ἰσαὰκ τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ Μὴ εὐλογία μία σοί ἐστιν, πάτερ; εὐλόγησον δὴ κἀμέ, πάτερ.
39 ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Ἰσαὰκ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ἰδοὺ ἀπὸ τῆς πιότητος τῆς γῆς ἔσται ἡ κατοίκησίς σου, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς δρόσου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἄνωθεν·
40 καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ μαχαίρῃ σου ζήσῃ, καὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου δουλεύσεις. ἔσται δὲ ἡνίκα ἐὰν καθέλῃς καὶ ἐκλύσεις τὸν ζυγὸν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ τραχήλου σου.
41 Καὶ ἐνεκότει Ἠσαὺ τῷ Ἰακὼβ περὶ τῆς εὐλογίας ἧς εὐλόγησεν αὐτὸν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ· εἶπεν δὲ Ἠσαὺ ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ αὐτοῦ Ἐγγισάτωσαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ πένθους τοῦ πατρός μου, ἵνα ἀποκτείνω Ἰακὼβ τὸν ἀδελφόν μου.
42 ἀπηγγέλη δὲ Ῥεβέκκᾳ τὰ ῥήματα Ἠσαὺ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτῆς τοῦ πρεσβυτέρου· καὶ πέμψασα ἐκάλεσεν Ἰακὼβ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν νεώτερον καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ἰδοὺ Ἠσαὺ ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἀπειλεῖ σοι τοῦ ἀποκτεῖναί σε.
43 νῦν οὖν, τέκνον, ἄκουσόν μου τῆς φωνῆς, καὶ ἀναστὰς ἀπόδραθι εἰς τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν πρὸς Λαβὰν τὸν ἀδελφόν μου εἰς Χαρράν·
44 καὶ οἴκησον μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἡμέρας τινάς,
45 ἕως τοῦ ἀποστρέψαι τὸν θυμὸν καὶ τὴν ὀργὴν τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου ἀπὸ σοῦ, καὶ ἐπιλάθηται ἃ πεποίηκας αὐτῷ, καὶ ἀποστείλασα μεταπέμψομαί σε ἐκεῖθεν· μή ποτε ἀτεκνωθῶ ἀπὸ τῶν δύο ὑμῶν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ.
46 Εἶπεν δὲ Ῥεβέκκα πρὸς Ἰσαάκ Προσώχθικα τῇ ζωῇ μου διὰ τὰς θυγατέρας τῶν υἱῶν Χέτ· εἰ λήμψεται Ἰακὼβ γυναῖκα ἀπὸ τῶν θυγατέρων τῆς γῆς ταύτης, ἵνα τί μοι ζῇν;
Greek text: Swete's edition via First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0, with corrections listed in the repository.
Notes
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The alignment, made against Rahlfs, seeds a lack of "to him" after the second "said," but Swete prints αὐτῷ from Alexandrinus, and the Greek says what the Masoretic version says. The Greek opens with μετὰ τὸ γηρᾶσαι, "after Isaac had grown old," where the Masoretic version reads "when Isaac was old," and has the passive ἠμβλύνθησαν, "were dulled," for "grew dim."
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Ruling 52
τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ, "for his father," where the Masoretic version reads "to bring" (לְהָבִיא): the Greek names the one the game is for, not the bringing. In the same verse it has πεδίον "plain" for the Masoretic version's "field" (also 27:3), and the aorist "heard" with a participle, "Isaac speaking," for "was hearing when Isaac spoke."
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The alignment marks ἦν, "was," as a plus, but the Masoretic version's English already has the copula ("that were with her"); the Greek says the same, and nothing is added. The Greek has the singular στολή, "robe," for "the garments," and καλή, "beautiful," for "the desirable ones."
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Swete prints ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ, "his son," after "Jacob," from Alexandrinus, where Rahlfs reads differently and the Masoretic version has the name alone. The words are the Greek's and are marked as a plus.
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The relative ὅ, "that," is marked by the alignment as a plus, but the Masoretic version's English already has "that" ("What is this, that you have hurried to find"); nothing is added. The Greek reads differently in what follows: "that you found so quickly" for "that you have hurried to find," and in Jacob's answer ὃ παρέδωκεν Κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἐναντίον μου, "What the Lord God handed over before me," a relative clause in place of the Masoretic version's "Because ADONAI your Elohim made it happen before my face," with no "your": the Swete scan (vol. 1, p. 47, leaf n78) has no σου, which only E adds. παραδίδωμι is the verb of handing an enemy over (14:20) and of the night Jesus "was handed over" (1 Cor 11:23).
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The alignment holds one Greek word at this verse with no place in Swete: Rahlfs reads Ἡ μὲν φωνή, with μέν before δέ ("on the one hand … on the other"); Swete has Ἡ φωνή with δέ alone, so nothing is marked. The voice of Jacob and the hands of Esau stand in both versions, the δέ setting the two against each other: "but the hands."
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The blessings of 27:27–29 and 27:39–40 are lined as the Masoretic version lines them (81, 102), with the Greek's own wording. Heb 11:20: "By faith Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau concerning things to come." The Greek's field is ἀγροῦ πλήρους, "a full field," where the Masoretic version has "a field" (seeded); the odor is of a field at harvest.
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Swete prints ἄνωθεν, "from above," after "the dew of the sky," where Rahlfs and the Masoretic version lack it here; the same words close Esau's blessing at 27:39, where the Masoretic version also has "above." Jacob's blessing and Esau's begin from the same two gifts, the dew of the sky and the fatness of the land, in reverse order. The Greek has σῖτος "wheat" and οἶνος "wine" for the Masoretic version's "grain and must."
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Ruling 52
οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρός σου, "the sons of your father," where the Masoretic version reads "the sons of your mother": the Greek widens Jacob's lordship to every son of Isaac. It also has the singular "your brother" for "your brothers," ἔθνη "nations" for "peoples," ἄρχοντες "rulers" for "folk," futures ("shall bow down") for the wishes, and the curse and blessing in the singular, "the one cursing you … the one blessing you," for "your cursers … your blessers." The last line is verbless in both (65).
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ἐξέστη … ἔκστασιν μεγάλην, "was beside himself with a great trance," keeps the Masoretic version's figure of a verb with its own noun ("trembled a great trembling"), but in another root: ἔκστασις is the "trance" of Adam's sleep (2:21) and of Peter's vision (Acts 10:10). The Greek's last clause is an imperative, "let him be blessed," where the Masoretic version reads "Also blessed he shall be."
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Swete names Esau a second time, Ἠσαύ, as the subject of "shouted aloud," where Rahlfs reads differently and the Masoretic version has only "and he cried out"; it is marked as a plus with the seeded "of Isaac" and "indeed." The Greek's ἀνεβόησεν φωνὴν μεγάλην, "shouted aloud a great voice," stands for "cried out an outcry, great"; the same words are used of Jesus on the cross (Matt 27:46). The Greek has no "to his father" before the speech (seeded).
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Ruling 2
δόλος, "deceit," for the Masoretic version's "deceit" (מִרְמָה). Jesus greets Nathanael as "truly an Israelite, in whom there is no deceit" (John 1:47), and promises him the ladder of Gen 28:12 (John 1:51): the new Israel has none of Jacob's δόλος.
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ἐπτέρνικεν, "he has tripped me by the heel," the verb of πτέρνα "heel": at 25:26 Jacob's hand took hold of Esau's heel, and the Greek, like the Hebrew, hears the name in the act (Hos 12:4 LXX; Jer 9:3). It reads Δικαίως, "Justly was his name called Jacob," a statement, where the Masoretic version asks "Is it that one called his name Jacob?", and "this second time" for "these two turns." The birthright Esau sold (25:33) is τὰ πρωτοτοκεῖα, the word of Heb 12:16, "Esau, who for one meal gave up his birthright"; Heb 12:17 goes on to this verse and the next, "when he wanted to inherit the blessing, he was rejected."
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Ruling 52
Εἰ, "If," where the Masoretic version reads "Look" (הֵן), which can carry "if" (88): the Greek makes Isaac's answer a condition. It also has "made him your lord" for "put him master over you," "I have made his domestics" (οἰκέτας, 9:25) for "I have given to him for slaves," and στηρίζω, "establish," for "supported" (also 28:12). The Greek has no word for "therefore" in the last clause (seeded).
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Swete names "Isaac," where the Masoretic version reads "his father" alone, and lacks the Masoretic version's last clause, "And Esau lifted his voice and wept." Rahlfs has it, with three more words, κατανυχθέντος δὲ Ισαακ, "and Isaac being stunned"; the Swete scan (vol. 1, p. 49, leaf n80) ends the verse at κἀμέ, πάτερ, and gives the clause only in the apparatus (D, E). The alignment holds the three words as a plus with no place in Swete, and nothing is marked for them. Heb 12:17 ("though he sought it with tears") knows the weeping.
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Isaac's words to Esau begin with the very words of Jacob's blessing (27:28), "from the fatness of the land … and from the dew of the sky," and the Greek ἀπό can be read either way, as source or as distance. So can the Masoretic version's מִן: the RSV reads "away from the fatness of the earth shall your dwelling be," the KJV "thy dwelling shall be the fatness of the earth." Both versions print "from" and leave the crux open (1). κατοίκησις is "dwelling" for the Masoretic version's "seat."
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Ruling 52
ἡνίκα ἐὰν καθέλῃς, "at the time when you take down," where the Masoretic version reads "when you roam" (תָּרִיד): the Greek reads the Hebrew verb as from יָרַד, "go down," in its causative, "bring down." It then has ἐκλύσεις, "you shall unloose," for "you shall tear off" the yoke.
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Ruling 52
ἀπειλεῖ σοι, "is threatening you," where the Masoretic version reads "is comforting himself over you" (מִתְנַחֵם): the Greek gives Esau's purpose, not his consolation.
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Ruling 52
Swete's verse 45 begins where the Masoretic version's 27:44 is still running: the Greek has one clause, "until the fury and the wrath of your brother turn back from you," for the Masoretic version's two, "until your brother's fury returns, until your brother's nose returns from you." θυμός "fury" and ὀργή "wrath" stand together as at Rev 16:19, "the wine of the fury of his wrath." The Greek has μή ποτε ἀτεκνωθῶ, "lest ever I be made childless," for "Why should I be bereaved."
Tables
Names in Gen 27 (18): the familiar English form is printed for the same person or place.
| Greek | Printed | Masoretic version |
|---|---|---|
| Ἰσαάκ | Isaac | Isaac |
| Ἠσαύ | Esau | Esau |
| Ἰακώβ | Jacob | Jacob |
| Ῥεβέκκα | Rebekah | Rebekah |
| Λαβάν | Laban | Laban |
| Χαρράν | Harran | Harran |
| Μεσοποταμία | Mesopotamia (27:43, in a plus) | — |
| Χέτ | Heth | Heth |
Words in this chapter (169)
| Word | Gloss | Instead of | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| πρεσβύτερος | elder | old / old / old | The comparative of πρέσβυς "old man," as an adjective (Luke 15:25, "his elder son") and a noun, the elders (Matt 16:21; Acts 14:23; 1 Tim 5:17). Of age at 18:11–12 |
| γηράω | grow old | old age / old age / grew old | The same verb as γηράσκω "grow old" (John 21:18) in another present; one word (88, 95, to be declared) |
| καλέω | call | call | With two accusatives, "called the light Day," the Greek has no "to" (contrast the Masoretic version's קָרָא לְ) |
| γίνομαι | come to be | let there be; be / come into being | "Let light come to be," "and it came to be thus," "evening came to be": the chapter's verb of making things happen, against the Masoretic version's הָיָה "be." John 1:3 "all things came to be through him." With εἰς of result (2:7) the preposition is not printed |
| υἱός | son | son | |
| Ἰσαάκ | Isaac | Isaac | Rom 9:7–10; Gal 4:28; Heb 11:17–20 |
| λέγω | say | say | |
| δέ | but (where it contrasts); now (where it opens a new circumstance or the next item of a list) | and; but; now | Never left out and never "and," which is καί (142g). Tagged only where it carries a ⸤connective⸥ mark, and then on every δέ of that verse |
| ὁράω | see; be seen (passive) | see; appear | "Let the dry be seen" (1:9), the passive kept; the Masoretic version has the same |
| Ἠσαύ | Esau | Esau / Esau / Esau | Rom 9:13; Heb 11:20; 12:16 |
| ὀφθαλμός | eye | eye | |
| ἀμβλύνω | dull | be dim / be dim / be dulled | To blunt, dull |
| τελευτή | decease | death / death / death | The ending of a life: Matt 2:15 "until the decease of Herod." One root with τελευτάω "decease" (95, to be declared); "death" is θάνατος's |
| γινώσκω | come to know | know | "The wood of coming to know beautiful and evil" (2:17). Kept apart from οἶδα "know" |
| γηράσκω | grow old | am old | John 21:18; Heb 8:13 |
| ἡμέρα | day | day | |
| πεδίον | plain | field / plain | Level open country; the Masoretic version's "field" is שָׂדֶה, the Greek's ἀγρός |
| θήρα | game | venison / game / game | The quarry of the hunt (Rom 11:9, "a snare and a trap," of the hunter's catch); of the root of θηρίον "wild beast" |
| σκεῦος | vessel | jewel / jewelry / vessel | Rom 9:21–23; 2 Cor 4:7; 2 Tim 2:20 "vessels of gold and of silver" |
| θηρεύω | hunt | hunt / hunt / hunt | The verb of θήρα "game" (95, to be declared): Luke 11:54 "to hunt something out of his mouth." "Hunt down" is καταδιώκω's, a phrasal false clash (116) |
| λαμβάνω | take | take | |
| ἐξέρχομαι | go out | go out | |
| φαρέτρα | quiver | quiver / quiver / quiver | |
| τόξον | bow | bow | The archer's bow (Rev 6:2), as קֶשֶׁת; the Greek does not say "rainbow" (ἶρις, Rev 4:3; 10:1) |
| ἔδεσμα | edibles | savoury meat / savory food / dishes | Plural, things to eat; "food" is βρῶμα's |
| ψυχή | soul | life; creature | |
| ποιέω | make / do | make, create / do | Split by construction, as עָשָׂה (20): "make" with a thing made, "do" with a deed or work done (2:2). In Gen 1 it also stands for בָּרָא, so the Greek has no separate "create" |
| πρό | before | before | "Before it came to be" (2:5), with the article and infinitive |
| ἀποθνῄσκω | die | die | |
| ἐσθίω | eat | eat | |
| φέρω | bring | bring | "Bear" is left free for τίκτω |
| εὐλογέω | bless | — | |
| φιλέω | hold dear; kiss (with a person, of the greeting) | love / love / love; kiss | Split by construction (20, 148b): "kiss" for the act (27:26–27; Matt 26:48; Mark 14:44), "hold dear" elsewhere (John 5:20; 11:3, 36; 21:15–17). "Love" is ἀγαπάω's, so John 21:15–17 keeps its two verbs |
| πορεύομαι | go | go | |
| λαλέω | speak | speak | Kept apart from λέγω "say" (Heb 1:1–2) |
| πατήρ | father | father | |
| Ῥεβέκκα | Rebekah | Rebekah / Rebekah / Rebekka | Rom 9:10 |
| ἀκούω | hear | hear | |
| Ἰακώβ | Jacob | Jacob / Jacob / Jacob | Matt 1:2; Rom 9:13; Heb 11:21 |
| ἀδελφός | brother | brother | |
| ἐλάσσων | lesser | lesser | Comparative of "small"; kept as a comparative (1:16; John 2:10) |
| κύριος | Lord | the LORD | κύριος for the Tetragrammaton prints "Lord" in regular type (63); small capitals belong to the Masoretic version. κύριος ὁ θεός is "the Lord God." In Gen 2 the Greek has the pair at vv. 4, 8, 15, 16, 18 and 22, and θεός alone where the Masoretic version reads ADONAI Elohim at vv. 5, 7, 9, 19 and 21 |
| καθά | even as | as | Matt 27:10. "Just as" is καθώς's |
| ἐντέλλομαι | command | command | |
| ἁπαλός | tender | tender | Matt 24:32 |
| πρόβατον | sheep | flock / sheep | Where the Masoretic version reads "flock" (צֹאן) |
| καλός | beautiful | good | The verdict of the days of making (1:4–31), and the adjective of the tree (2:9, 17). Matt 5:16 "your beautiful works"; John 10:11 "the beautiful shepherd." The Masoretic version has טוֹב "good": the two versions differ by translation, not by text (52). "Good" stays free for ἀγαθός |
| δύο | two | two | |
| ἔριφος | kid | kid / kid / kid | A young goat: Luke 15:29; Matt 25:32–33 "as the shepherd separates the sheep from the kids" |
| ἐκεῖθεν | from there | from thence | |
| εἰσφέρω | carry in | bring / bring / bring in | Luke 5:18–19; 1 Tim 6:7 "we carried nothing into the kosmos." "Bring in" is εἰσάγω's; with φέρω "bring" a phrasal false clash (144h) |
| μήτηρ | mother | mother | |
| λεῖος | smooth | smooth / smooth / smooth | Luke 3:5 "the rough ways smooth" (Isa 40:4) |
| ἀνήρ | man | husband; wife | |
| εἰμί | be | be | Kept apart from γίνομαι "come to be" |
| δασύς | hairy | hairy / hairy / hairy | Shaggy, thick with hair: Esau at birth (25:25) and as Jacob describes him (27:11, 23) |
| εὐλογία | blessing | blessing / blessing / blessing | The noun of εὐλογέω "bless" (95, to be declared with bless / blessed): Rom 15:29; Gal 3:14; Heb 12:17 of Esau's |
| κατάρα | curse | curse / curse / curse | The noun of καταράομαι "curse" (95, to be declared): Gal 3:10, 13 "having become a curse for us"; Jas 3:10. κατάθεμα takes "accursed thing" (144i) |
| ἐπάγω | bring on | bring | Bring a thing upon someone (Acts 5:28; 2 Pet 2:1, 5, "having brought on a flood upon the kosmos of the ungodly"). "Bear upon" is ἐπιφέρω's |
| καταφρονέω | despise | deceiver / mocking / despise | To think down on: Matt 6:24; 18:10; Rom 2:4; Heb 12:2 "despising the shame" |
| ψηλαφάω | feel | feel / feel / feel | To feel with the hands: Luke 24:39; Acts 17:27 "feel after him"; 1 John 1:1 |
| ποτέ | ever; perhaps (μή ποτε) | peradventure / perhaps / perhaps | Split by construction: μή ποτε is "perhaps" with a fear or doubt (24:5, 39), "lest" with a purpose (3:22) |
| μόνον | only | only / only / only | The adverb (142i) |
| τέκνον | child | children | Where the Masoretic version reads "sons" (3:16) |
| φωνή | voice | voice | |
| ὑπακούω | obey | hearkened / hearkened / obeyed | Rom 6:16–17; Eph 6:1; 1 Pet 3:6, "Sarah obeyed Abraham." Kept apart from ἀκούω "hear" |
| ἐνδύω | clothe | clothe | Also "put on" in the middle (Rom 13:14; Gal 3:27); the collocation decides when reached |
| νέος | young; younger (comparative) | younger / youngest / younger | Luke 15:12–13 "the younger son"; John 21:18; Titus 2:4. "Youth" is νεότης's |
| οἶκος | house | house / household | The household as well as the building (Acts 16:31) |
| στολή | robe | raiment / garments / robe | The long robe: Mark 12:38; 16:5; Luke 15:22 "the first robe"; Rev 7:9, 14 |
| δέρμα | skin | skins / skins / skins | The skin of an animal, with its hair: Heb 11:37 "in goats' skins." "Wineskin" is ἀσκός's, "pelt" δορά's, "hide" κρύπτω's (148e) |
| γυμνός | naked | naked | One Greek word where the Masoretic version has "nude" (עָרוֹם) and "naked" (עֵירֹם); see 3:1 |
| βραχίων | arm | hand / hand / arm | Luke 1:51; John 12:38; Acts 13:17 "with an uplifted arm" |
| τράχηλος | neck | neck / neck / neck | Matt 18:6; Acts 15:10 "a yoke on the neck"; Rom 16:4 |
| περιτίθημι | put around | put / put / put around | Matt 27:28, 48; Mark 15:17 |
| ἄρτος | bread; loaves (plural) | bread / bread; loaves | Split by number (147f): the plural ἄρτοι is "loaves" (14:18; 21:14; 24:33; Mark 6:41) |
| χείρ | hand | hand | |
| δίδωμι | give | give | |
| ἀνίστημι | rise | rise up | "Rise" (Mark 1:35; 1 Thess 4:16), left free for it (G393); "wake" is ἐγείρω's |
| καθίζω | sit down | rest / come to rest | Intransitive "sit down" (Matt 5:1; of the chest, 8:4); transitive "seat" (Eph 1:20), where the collocation decides |
| πρωτότοκος | firstborn | firstlings / firstborn | Luke 2:7; Col 1:15, 18 |
| θεός | God | God | Capitalised for the God of Israel (9); the Masoretic version's "Elohim" does not carry over. Lowercase "god, gods" where the Greek speaks of other gods |
| ταχύς | quick; quickly (adverb) | quickly / quickly / quickly | Matt 5:25; 28:7–8; Jas 1:19 "quick to hear." One root with ταχύνω "be quick" (95, to be declared) |
| ὦ | O | — / — / O | The interjection of address (Matt 15:28; Gal 3:1) |
| παραδίδωμι | hand over | deliver | Give over into another's hands: of enemies (14:20), of Jesus "on the night he was handed over" (1 Cor 11:23), of tradition (1 Cor 15:3). "Betray" is the expected English in the passion narratives; the home gloss keeps the one verb |
| εὑρίσκω | find | find | |
| ἐγγίζω | draw near | come near | Mark 1:15 "the kingdom of God has drawn near" |
| γάρ | for | for | The connective of grounds, never left out; tagged where it carries a ⸤connective⸥ mark (14:12) |
| ἐπιγινώσκω | recognize | discern / recognize / recognize | To know a person again: Luke 24:16, 31; Acts 3:10. Kept apart from γινώσκω "come to know" and οἶδα "know" (142e) |
| προσάγω | bring near | bring near / bring / bring | 1 Pet 3:18 "that he might bring us near to God"; Acts 16:20. With ἐγγίζω "draw near" a phrasal false clash (116) |
| οἶνος | wine | wine | John 2:3–10; Eph 5:18 |
| πίνω | drink | drink | |
| προσφέρω | offer | offer / bring | The verb of sacrifice (Matt 5:23–24; Heb 11:4) |
| ἀγρός | field | field | |
| ὀσμή | odor | savour / odor | "An odor of fragrance" (8:21; Phil 4:18; Eph 5:2); 2 Cor 2:14–16 |
| ἱμάτιον | cloak | garment | The outer garment, beside χιτών "tunic" (Matt 5:40; John 19:23) |
| ὀσφραίνομαι | smell | smell | |
| πλήρης | full | full / full / full | "Full of days" (25:8); "full of grace and truth" (John 1:14); Luke 4:1. "Fill" is πληρόω's, "fill full" πίμπλημι's |
| οὐρανός | sky, skies | heaven | |
| δρόσος | dew | dew / dew / dew | |
| πλῆθος | multitude | multitude / multitude / multitude | Luke 2:13; Acts 4:32 |
| γῆ | land | earth | |
| πιότης | fatness | fatness / fatness / fatness | Rom 11:17 "the root and the fatness of the olive." "Fat" is στέαρ's (a false clash, 116) |
| ἄνωθεν | from above | above | Also "anew" (John 3:3, 7), where the collocation decides (3); "from above" is the home sense (John 3:31; Jas 1:17) |
| σῖτος | wheat | corn / grain / grain | John 12:24 "a grain of wheat"; Matt 3:12; 13:25–30 |
| δουλεύω | slave, be slave to (no split) | servant | |
| καταράομαι | curse | curse | Matt 5:44; Mark 11:21; Jas 3:9 |
| ἄρχων | ruler | prince / officer | One who rules (Matt 9:18; John 3:1; Eph 2:2). Of one root with ἀρχή and ἄρχω "rule" |
| ἐπικατάρατος | accursed | cursed | Under a curse, laid upon (ἐπί) the one cursed (3:14, 17; 4:11); Gal 3:10, 13 quote the form, "accursed is everyone hanging on wood." "Cursed" is left free for the participle of καταράομαι "curse" |
| προσκυνέω | bow down | bowed himself / bowed himself / did obeisance | Bow down, prostrate oneself, of homage to a person (18:2; 23:7) and of worship of God (Matt 4:10; John 4:20–24; Rev 22:8–9), where the expected English is "worship": the one word never decides whether a bowing was worship (Matt 2:11; 28:9) |
| ἔθνος | nation | nation, Gentiles / nation | A people (Matt 24:7); the plural "the nations" is the KJV's "Gentiles" (Matt 28:19; Rom 15:9–12). The one gloss keeps the two together |
| πρόσωπον | face | face | |
| ἔρχομαι | come | come | |
| παύω | cease | leave off / leave off | Luke 5:4; Acts 5:42; 1 Cor 13:8. "Rest" is καταπαύω's |
| μέγας | great | great | |
| πᾶς | all; every | all; every | |
| εἰσέρχομαι | enter | come / go in | Matt 7:13; John 10:9. The opposite of ἐξέρχομαι "go out" |
| ἔκστασις | trance | deep sleep / trance | Acts 10:10; 11:5; 22:17 |
| ἐξίστημι | be beside oneself | tremble / tremble / be amazed | To stand out of oneself, in amazement or frenzy: Mark 2:12; 3:21 "he is beside himself"; 2 Cor 5:13. One root with ἔκστασις "trance" (95, to be declared) |
| σφόδρα | very | greatly / exceedingly | Matt 2:10; 17:6. "Exceedingly" is λίαν's |
| ῥῆμα | word | word | A thing said, and the thing it tells of (Luke 2:15, 19). "Logos" is λόγος's (64); "word" is free in the Greek |
| πικρός | bitter | bitter / bitter / bitter | Jas 3:11, 14 |
| ἀναβοάω | shout aloud | lifted up her voice / lifted up her voice / cried out | Matt 27:46 "Jesus shouted aloud with a great voice." One root with βοάω "shout" (to be declared, 95) |
| δή | indeed | now | A particle of urging and emphasis (Matt 13:23; Acts 13:2; 1 Cor 6:20) |
| ἡνίκα | at the time when | when | A point in time, "whenever" with ἄν (2 Cor 3:15–16); kept apart from ὅτε "when" |
| κἀγώ | I too | I / I / I too | John 6:57 |
| δόλος | deceit | subtilty / guile / deceit | John 1:47 "an Israelite in whom there is no deceit"; Mark 14:1; 1 Pet 2:22 |
| πτερνίζω | trip by the heel | supplant / supplant / trip up | The verb of πτέρνα "heel" (25:26; John 13:18), which carries the name Jacob as the Hebrew עָקַב does (Hos 12:4 LXX; Jer 9:3) |
| ὑπολείπω | reserve | reserve / reserve / leave | To leave remaining, keep back: Rom 11:3 "I alone am reserved" (1 Kgs 19:10 LXX). "Leave behind" is καταλείπω's |
| δικαίως | justly | — / — / rightly | The adverb of δίκαιος "just": Luke 23:41; 1 Cor 15:34; 1 Pet 2:23 |
| νῦν | now | now | |
| πρωτοτόκια | birthright | birthright / birthright / rights of the firstborn | The rights of the firstborn (πρωτότοκος, 25:25), a neuter plural: 25:31–34; 27:36; Heb 12:16 |
| δεύτερος | second | second | |
| ὄνομα | name | name | |
| ἤδη | already | — / — / already | John 3:18; 4:35 |
| στηρίζω | establish | sustain / sustain / support | To fix firmly: Luke 16:26 "a great chasm has been established"; 22:32 "establish your brothers"; Rom 16:25; 1 Thess 3:13; Jas 5:8. See 28:12 |
| ἀποκρίνομαι | answer | answer | The participle with a verb of saying, "answering, said" (Matt 3:15) |
| οἰκέτης | domestic | servant / slave / domestic | The household slave (Luke 16:13 "no domestic can be slave to two lords"; Rom 14:4; 1 Pet 2:18). "Slave" is δοῦλος's, "servant" παῖς's (77). See 9:25 |
| εἷς | one | one / first | "Day one" (1:5), the cardinal, as in the Masoretic version |
| κατοίκησις | dwelling | dwelling / territory | Mark 5:3. Of the root of κατοικέω "dwell" |
| μάχαιρα | sword | knife / knife / dagger | The common blade, short sword or knife: "all who take the sword will perish by the sword" (Matt 26:52); "the sword of the spirit" (Eph 6:17); Heb 4:12. "Broadsword" is ῥομφαία's (Luke 2:35) |
| ζυγός | yoke | yoke / yoke / yoke | Matt 11:29–30; Acts 15:10; Gal 5:1. Also the balance of a scale (Rev 6:5), where the collocation decides |
| καθαιρέω | take down | let down / let down / took down | Mark 15:36, 46 "took him down"; Luke 1:52 "took down rulers" |
| ζάω | live; living (participle) | living | "Living soul" (1:20, 24; 2:7) |
| ἐκλύω | unloose | break / break / loosen | To loose, and so to go slack, faint: Matt 15:32 "lest they be unloosed on the way"; Gal 6:9; Heb 12:3, 5, where the expected English is "faint." "Loosen" is παραλύω's, "slacken" ἐνδίδωμι's |
| ἐγκοτέω | bear a grudge | hate / hate / be angry | To hold a grudge (Gen 49:23; 50:15) |
| πένθος | mourning | mourning / mourning / mourning | The noun of πενθέω "mourn" (95, to be declared): Jas 4:9; Rev 18:7–8; 21:4 |
| διάνοια | understanding | imagination / inclination | Thinking through (Mark 12:30, KJV "with all thy mind"; Eph 4:18 "having the understanding darkened"; 1 John 5:20). "Mind" is kept for νοῦς (144c). Of the root of διανοέομαι "ponder." See 8:21 |
| ἀποκτείνω | kill | slay / kill | |
| πέμπω | dispatch | sent / sent / sent | John 4:34; 5:23–24, 37 "the Father who dispatched me." "Send" is ἀποστέλλω's (the verb of the apostle), "send forth" ἐκπέμπω's, "send out" ἐξαποστέλλω's; the two verbs of John stay apart; the expected English is "send" (148c) |
| ἀπειλέω | threaten | comfort himself / comfort himself / threaten | Acts 4:17, 21; 1 Pet 2:23 "when he suffered, he did not threaten" |
| ἀπαγγέλλω | report | tell | Bring word back, report (Matt 28:8, 11; 1 John 1:2–3). "Announce" is ἀναγγέλλω's |
| Χαρράν | Harran | Haran | The city (Acts 7:2, 4), kept apart from Ἁρράν "Haran," Terah's son, as the Masoretic version keeps them (110) |
| Μεσοποταμία | Mesopotamia | Mesopotamia / Mesopotamia / Mesopotamia | A different name from the Masoretic version's Aram-naharaim, printed as it sounds and marked (145f). Acts 2:9; 7:2 |
| ἀποδιδράσκω | run away | fled / fled / ran away | Run off and escape, of a slave; "flee" is φεύγω's, "run off" ἀποτρέχω's |
| Λαβάν | Laban | Laban / Laban / Laban | |
| οἰκέω | dwell | dwell | Rom 7:17–20; 8:9–11 |
| ἀποστέλλω | send | send forth | The verb of the apostle, the one sent (Matt 10:5, 16; John 20:21). "Send out" is ἐξαποστέλλω's |
| μεταπέμπω | send for | fetch / send and fetch / send for | Acts 10:5, 22, 29; 24:24 |
| ἐπιλανθάνομαι | forget | forget / forget / forget | Luke 12:6; Phil 3:13; Heb 13:2 |
| θυμός | fury | fury / fury / anger | The surge of passion: Luke 4:28; Rev 14:8–10; 16:19 "the wine of the fury of his wrath." "Wrath" is ὀργή's |
| ἀποστρέφω | turn back | return | Turn back, turn away (3:19; Matt 26:52; Acts 3:26). One root with στρέφω "turn" and ἀποστροφή "turning" |
| ὀργή | wrath | anger / anger / wrath | Settled anger: Matt 3:7; John 3:36; Rom 1:18. Fixed as a set with θυμός "fury" (44) |
| ἀτεκνόω | make childless | bereave / bereave / be made childless | The verb of ἄτεκνος "childless" (95, to be declared) |
| ζωή | life | life | "A soul of life" (1:30); "the wood of life" (2:9) |
| Χέτ | Heth | Heth / Heth / Chet | The ancestor of the Hittites (10:15) |
| θυγάτηρ | daughter | daughter | |
| προσοχθίζω | be vexed | be weary / be weary / be vexed | Heb 3:10, 17 "I was vexed with that generation" (Ps 94:10 LXX) |
| γυνή | woman | husband; wife |