Genesis 9
⸢shaded⸣ in the Greek, not in the Hebrew · ‸ in the Hebrew, not in the Greek. Tap a mark to see it explained. underlined where the Hebrew has the word and the Greek says it differently.
In this chapter: 36 differences of wording, 7 pluses, 6 minuses, each marked by the translator.
Swete prints Codex Alexandrinus here.
1 Καὶ ηὐλόγησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν Νῶε καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Αὐξάνεσθε καὶ πληθύνεσθε, καὶ πληρώσατε τὴν γῆν καὶ κατακυριεύσατε αὐτῆς.
2 καὶ ὁ τρόμος ὑμῶν καὶ ὁ φόβος ἔσται ἐπὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς θηρίοις τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ὄρνεα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ κινούμενα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἰχθύας τῆς θαλάσσης· ὑπὸ χεῖρας ὑμῖν δέδωκα.
3 καὶ πᾶν ἑρπετὸν ὅ ἐστιν ζῶν ὑμῖν ἔσται εἰς βρῶσιν· ὡς λάχανα χόρτου ἔδωκα ὑμῖν τὰ πάντα.
4 πλὴν κρέας ἐν αἵματι ψυχῆς οὐ φάγεσθε·
5 καὶ γὰρ τὸ ὑμέτερον αἷμα τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν ἐκζητήσω· ἐκ χειρὸς πάντων τῶν θηρίων ἐκζητήσω αὐτό, καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀδελφοῦ ἐκζητήσω τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου.
6 ὁ ἐκχέων αἷμα ἀνθρώπου ἀντὶ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ ἐκχυθήσεται, ὅτι ἐν εἰκόνι θεοῦ ἐποίησα τὸν ἄνθρωπον.
7 ὑμεῖς δὲ αὐξάνεσθε καὶ πληθύνεσθε, καὶ πληρώσατε τὴν γῆν καὶ πληθύνεσθε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.
8 Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς τῷ Νῶε καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτοῦ μετ’ αὐτοῦ λέγων
9 Ἐγὼ ἰδοὺ ἀνίστημι τὴν διαθήκην μου ὑμῖν καὶ τῷ σπέρματι ὑμῶν μεθ’ ὑμᾶς,
10 καὶ πάσῃ ψυχῇ ζώσῃ μεθ’ ὑμῶν, ἀπὸ ὀρνέων καὶ ἀπὸ κτηνῶν, καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς θηρίοις τῆς γῆς ὅσα μεθ’ ὑμῶν ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐξελθόντων ἐκ τῆς κιβωτοῦ.
11 καὶ στήσω τὴν διαθήκην μου πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται πᾶσα σὰρξ ἔτι ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι κατακλυσμὸς ὕδατος τοῦ καταφθεῖραι πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν.
12 καὶ εἶπεν Κύριος ὁ θεὸς πρὸς Νῶε Τοῦτο τὸ σημεῖον τῆς διαθήκης ὃ ἐγὼ δίδωμι ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ ὑμῶν καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον πάσης ψυχῆς ζώσης ἥ ἐστιν μεθ’ ὑμῶν εἰς γενεὰς αἰωνίους·
13 τὸ τόξον μου τίθημι ἐν τῇ νεφέλῃ, καὶ ἔσται εἰς σημεῖον διαθήκης ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ τῆς γῆς.
14 καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῷ συννεφεῖν με νεφέλας ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ὀφθήσεται τὸ τόξον μου ἐν τῇ νεφέλῃ,
15 καὶ μνησθήσομαι τῆς διαθήκης μου, ἥ ἐστιν ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ ὑμῶν καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον πάσης ψυχῆς ζώσης ἐν πάσῃ σαρκί· καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι τὸ ὕδωρ εἰς κατακλυσμόν, ὥστε ἐξαλεῖψαι πᾶσαν σάρκα.
16 καὶ ἔσται τὸ τόξον μου ἐν τῇ νεφέλῃ, καὶ ὄψομαι τοῦ μνησθῆναι διαθήκην αἰώνιον ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον πάσης ψυχῆς ζώσης ἐν πάσῃ σαρκὶ ἥ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.
17 καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς τῷ Νῶε Τοῦτο τὸ σημεῖον τῆς διαθήκης ἧς διεθέμην ἀνὰ μέσον ἐμοῦ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον πάσης σαρκὸς ἥ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.
18 Ἦσαν δὲ οἱ υἱοὶ Νῶε οἱ ἐξελθόντες ἐκ τῆς κιβωτοῦ Σήμ, Χάμ, Ἰάφεθ. Χὰμ ἦν πατὴρ Χανάαν.
19 τρεῖς οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Νῶε· ἀπὸ τούτων διεσπάρησαν ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν.
20 Καὶ ἤρξατο Νῶε ἄνθρωπος γεωργὸς γῆς, καὶ ἐφύτευσεν ἀμπελῶνα.
21 καὶ ἔπιεν ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου καὶ ἐμεθύσθη, καὶ ἐγυμνώθη ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ.
22 καὶ εἶδεν Χὰμ ὁ πατὴρ Χανάαν τὴν γύμνωσιν τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἀνήγγειλεν τοῖς δυσὶν ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ ἔξω.
23 καὶ λαβόντες Σὴμ καὶ Ἰάφεθ τὸ ἱμάτιον ἐπέθηκαν ἐπὶ τὰ δύο νῶτα αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐπορεύθησαν ὀπισθοφανῶς καὶ συνεκάλυψαν τὴν γύμνωσιν τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῶν· καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν ὀπισθοφανές, καὶ τὴν γύμνωσιν τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῶν οὐκ ἴδον.
24 ἐξένηψεν δὲ Νῶε ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴνου, καὶ ἔγνω ὅσα ἐποίησεν αὐτῷ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ νεώτερος.
25 καὶ εἶπεν Ἐπικατάρατος Χανάαν· παῖς οἰκέτης ἔσται τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοῦ.
26 καὶ εἶπεν Εὐλογητὸς Κύριος ὁ θεὸς τοῦ Σήμ, καὶ ἔσται Χανάαν παῖς αὐτοῦ.
Greek text: Swete's edition via First1KGreek, CC BY-SA 4.0, with corrections listed in the repository.
Notes
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κρέας ἐν αἵματι ψυχῆς, "meat in blood of soul," where the Masoretic version reads "flesh with its soul, its blood." The Greek has κρέας, meat as food, not σάρξ "flesh," and joins the two Hebrew words into one phrase, the blood that carries the soul (Lev 17:11, "the soul of the flesh is in its blood"). The apostolic decree keeps the prohibition in Greek dress: "abstain … from blood and from what is strangled" (Acts 15:20, 29).
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ἐποίησα, "I made," first person: God is still speaking, and says of himself what the Masoretic version says in the third person, "for in the icon of Elohim he made the human." The Greek also lacks "by the human" (בָּאָדָם, ‸) and reads ἀντὶ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ, "in return for his blood," where the Masoretic version reads "by the human his blood shall be spilled": in the Greek the penalty is a life for a life, and the agent who sheds the killer's blood is not named. Targum Onkelos reads the Hebrew's "by the human" as the court ("by witnesses, by sentence of the judges"), and b. Sanhedrin 57b as "a human within a human," the unborn child; the Greek has no such words.
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9:6 and Noah's words in 9:25–27 are lined as poetry, as the Masoretic version lines them (81b), with the same colons.
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Expected: "I establish" (KJV, RSV) / "I am raising up" (NETS)
ἀνίστημι, home gloss "rise," is transitive here, with "my covenant" as its object, as in "God raised him" (Acts 2:24, 32). The home gloss is kept and the transitive use is printed "make rise," as ἵστημι is "make stand" when transitive (6:18; 9:11), so that the two verbs stay apart: the Greek has "I am making rise my covenant" here and "I will make stand my covenant" two verses on, where the Masoretic version has the one verb הֵקִים "make stand" both times. Ruling 145(d) makes "rise" / "make rise" a split by construction, as ἵστημι is split.
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διεθέμην, "I have disposed," the verb of which διαθήκη "covenant" is the noun: a covenant in Greek is a thing disposed, as a testator disposes his goods (Heb 9:16–17; Luke 22:29, "I dispose to you a kingdom, as my Father disposed to me"). The Masoretic version reads "that I have made stand."
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ἄνθρωπος γεωργὸς γῆς, "a human, a farmer of land," where the Masoretic version reads "a man of the ground" (אִישׁ הָאֲדָמָה). The Greek names Noah's work: γεωργός is the one who works the land (γῆ + ἔργον), the "farmer" of John 15:1 and 2 Tim 2:6. ἄνθρωπος keeps its home gloss "human" (11), since no woman stands in this verse or the next.
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ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ, "in his house," where the Masoretic version reads "in the middle of his tent": the Greek lacks "the middle of" (בְּתוֹךְ), and the alignment does not set the lack, so it is marked (54). It also has οἶκος "house" for the Hebrew's "tent," marked as a difference of word (143).
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παῖς οἰκέτης, "a servant, a domestic," two nouns in apposition, where the Masoretic version reads "a slave of slaves," the superlative of עֶבֶד. The Greek gives Canaan the household servant's place, not the lowest place: οἰκέτης is the slave of a house (Luke 16:13; 1 Pet 2:18). παῖς is "servant" (77), δοῦλος "slave."
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The blessing Εὐλογητὸς κύριος, "Blessed the Lord," has no verb and is printed without one (65; 125l). ἔσται Χανάαν παῖς αὐτοῦ, "Canaan shall be his servant": future, not a wish, and "his," singular, where the Masoretic version reads "let Canaan be a slave to them." The "his" can be Shem's or the Lord's. In 9:27 the Greek has "their servant," with the Masoretic version.
Tables
Names in Gen 9 (18).
| Greek | Printed | Masoretic version |
|---|---|---|
| Νῶε | Noah | Noah |
| Σήμ | Shem | Shem |
| Χάμ | Ham | Ham |
| Ἰάφεθ | Japheth | Japheth |
| Χανάαν | Canaan | Canaan |
Words in this chapter (112)
| Word | Gloss | Instead of | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| πληρόω | fill | fill / replenish | Also "fill" where the tradition has "fulfil" (Matt 1:22) |
| Νῶε | Noah | Noah / Noe | Matt 24:37; Heb 11:7 |
| θεός | God | God | Capitalised for the God of Israel (9); the Masoretic version's "Elohim" does not carry over. Lowercase "god, gods" where the Greek speaks of other gods |
| αὐξάνω | grow | be fruitful / increase | Of plants and of people (Matt 6:28; Acts 6:7). The Masoretic version's "bear fruit" (פָּרָה) is lost with the link to the fruit of 1:11 |
| λέγω | say | say | |
| υἱός | son | son | |
| γῆ | land | earth | |
| εὐλογέω | bless | — | |
| κατακυριεύω | lord it over | subdue / have dominion | Of κύριος "lord" (Matt 20:25; 1 Pet 5:3) |
| πληθύνω | multiply | multiply | Acts 6:7; 7:17 |
| ἰχθύς | fish | fish | |
| χείρ | hand | hand | |
| δίδωμι | give | give | |
| φόβος | fear | dread / fear / fear | One root with φοβέω "fear" (to be declared as a pair, 95) |
| τρόμος | trembling | fear / fear / trembling | Mark 16:8; 1 Cor 2:3; Phil 2:12 "with fear and trembling." One root with τρέμω "tremble" |
| οὐρανός | sky, skies | heaven | |
| πᾶς | all; every | all; every | |
| θηρίον | beast | living thing; beast / wild animal | The wild animal, as against κτῆνος "cattle" and τετράπους "four-footed"; Revelation's beast (Rev 13:1). The Masoretic version's "beast" is בְּהֵמָה, the domestic animal: one English word for different animals in the two versions, since concordance runs within each language (52) |
| εἰμί | be | be | Kept apart from γίνομαι "come to be" |
| ὄρνεον | bird | fowl / bird | Rev 18:2; 19:17, 21. "Flyer" is πετεινόν's |
| θάλασσα | sea | sea | |
| κινέω | move | move / creep | The moving things (7:14, 21; 8:17, 19; Acts 17:28 "in him we live and move"). The Masoretic version's רָמַשׂ is "creep" |
| ἑρπετόν | creeper | creeping thing / moving creature | Everything that moves low on the ground or in the water (Acts 10:12; Rom 1:23) |
| ζάω | live; living (participle) | living | "Living soul" (1:20, 24; 2:7) |
| βρῶσις | eating (n.) | meat / food | The act or allowance of eating (1:29–30; 2:9, 16; John 4:32); "food" is left free for βρῶμα |
| λάχανον | vegetable | green herb / green plants / vegetables | Garden plants (Matt 13:32; Luke 11:42; Rom 14:2 "the weak one eats vegetables") |
| χόρτος | grass | herb / plant / grass | The grass of the field (Matt 6:30; Isa 40:6–8 LXX, 1 Pet 1:24 "all flesh is grass"). The Masoretic version's "plant" is עֵשֶׂב |
| κρέας | meat | flesh / flesh / meat | Meat as food (Rom 14:21; 1 Cor 8:13). "Flesh" is σάρξ's |
| πλήν | except | but / only / except | "There is no other except him" (Mark 12:32); in the New Testament also "however," where the collocation decides |
| αἷμα | blood | blood | Singular where the Masoretic version has the plural "bloods" (4:10–11) |
| ψυχή | soul | life; creature | |
| ἐσθίω | eat | eat | |
| ἐκζητέω | seek out | require / require / seek out | Seek out, demand an account of (Luke 11:50–51, "the blood of all the prophets … shall be sought out"; Heb 11:6; 12:17) |
| ὑμέτερος | your | your | The possessive adjective (Luke 6:20; John 7:6) |
| ἄνθρωπος | human | man | Core table (11) |
| ἀδελφός | brother | brother | |
| εἰκών | icon | image | A representing image, the cult statue included (Rom 1:23; Rev 13:14); the human made "according to the icon of God" (1:26–27; 1 Cor 11:7; Col 1:15) |
| ποιέω | make / do | make, create / do | Split by construction, as עָשָׂה (20): "make" with a thing made, "do" with a deed or work done (2:2). In Gen 1 it also stands for בָּרָא, so the Greek has no separate "create" |
| ἐκχέω | pour out | shed / shed / pour out | Of blood (Matt 23:35; 26:28; Acts 22:20) and of the Spirit (Acts 2:17) |
| δέ | but (where it contrasts); now (where it opens a new circumstance or the next item of a list) | and; but; now | Never left out and never "and," which is καί (142g). Tagged only where it carries a ⸤connective⸥ mark, and then on every δέ of that verse |
| σπέρμα | seed | seed | Also offspring (Gal 3:16), which the one gloss keeps audible |
| διαθήκη | covenant | covenant | A disposition, a settlement laid down by one party; also a will (Heb 9:16–17), where the collocation decides (3) |
| ἀνίστημι | rise | rise up | "Rise" (Mark 1:35; 1 Thess 4:16), left free for it (G393); "wake" is ἐγείρω's |
| ὅσος | as many as | everything that | "All the things, as many as he had made" (1:31) |
| κιβωτός | chest | ark | A wooden chest. One Greek word serves Noah's vessel (6:14–8:19; Matt 24:38; Heb 11:7; 1 Pet 3:20) and the chest of the covenant (Exod 25:10; Heb 9:4; Rev 11:19), where the Masoretic version has two words, תֵּבָה "box" and אָרוֹן "chest." "Ark" is the English of both in the KJV |
| κτῆνος | cattle | beast / cattle | In the old English sense: livestock of every kind, the animals a household owns (134h, 135p for the sense); Luke 10:34; 1 Cor 15:39 |
| ἐξέρχομαι | go out | go out | |
| κατακλυσμός | flood | flood / deluge | Matt 24:38–39; Luke 17:27; 2 Pet 2:5. The Masoretic version's מַבּוּל is also "flood" |
| σάρξ | flesh | flesh | |
| ἵστημι | stand; make stand (transitive) | establish / set up | Split by construction (20): intransitive "stand," transitive "make stand" ("I will make stand my covenant," 6:18; Rom 3:31 "we make the law stand") |
| ἀποθνῄσκω | die | die | |
| ὕδωρ | water (sg.); waters (pl.) | the waters | The Greek number is printed: singular "the water" (1:2, 6, 7, 9), plural "the waters" (1:10, 20–22). The Masoretic version has the plural מַיִם throughout |
| καταφθείρω | ruin | corrupt / destroy | Ruin utterly (6:12–17; 2 Pet 2:12; 2 Tim 3:8 "people ruined in mind"); the Masoretic version's שָׁחַת is also "ruin" |
| ἔτι | further | — | "Yet, still, further": "God further made spring forth," "God further shaped" (2:9, 19), a plus of the Greek both times |
| σημεῖον | sign | sign | |
| γενεά | generation | generation | Kept apart from γένεσις "genesis" (6:9) |
| κύριος | Lord | the LORD | κύριος for the Tetragrammaton prints "Lord" in regular type (63); small capitals belong to the Masoretic version. κύριος ὁ θεός is "the Lord God." In Gen 2 the Greek has the pair at vv. 4, 8, 15, 16, 18 and 22, and θεός alone where the Masoretic version reads ADONAI Elohim at vv. 5, 7, 9, 19 and 21 |
| μέσος | middle | midst | ἐν μέσῳ "in the middle" (1:6; 2:9); with ἀνά, "between" |
| ἀνά | between (in ἀνὰ μέσον); apiece | between / between | Split by construction: ἀνὰ μέσον, tagged with μέσος, is "between" (1:4, 6, 7, 14, 18; Matt 13:25; 1 Cor 6:5); distributive ἀνά is "apiece" (Matt 20:9–10; John 2:6) |
| αἰώνιος | of age | perpetual, everlasting / perpetual, everlasting / everlasting | The adjective of αἰών "age," printed as a genitive so that the word keeps its noun: "for generations of age" (9:12), "a covenant of age" (9:16), as the Masoretic version reads "of age" for עוֹלָם. It binds ζωὴ αἰώνιος, "life of age" (Matt 19:16; John 3:16), where the expected English is "eternal" or "everlasting"; D. B. Hart prints "of the Age." Whether the word means unending duration or belonging to the age to come is a doctrinal question (Matt 25:46), and the gloss leaves it open (guide §1.4; 46, 93) |
| τόξον | bow | bow | The archer's bow (Rev 6:2), as קֶשֶׁת; the Greek does not say "rainbow" (ἶρις, Rev 4:3; 10:1) |
| νεφέλη | cloud | cloud | Matt 17:5; Acts 1:9; 1 Thess 4:17 |
| τίθημι | set | set / put | "Set them in the firmament" (1:17); "set there the human" (2:8, 15). The Masoretic version has "gave" (נָתַן, 1:17) and "put" |
| συννεφέω | cloud (v.) | bring a cloud / bring clouds / gather clouds | Gather clouds, make cloudy (9:14), where the Masoretic version reads "cloud a cloud." One root with νεφέλη "cloud" (to be declared as a pair, 95) |
| ὁράω | see; be seen (passive) | see; appear | "Let the dry be seen" (1:9), the passive kept; the Masoretic version has the same |
| μιμνῄσκομαι | remember | remember | |
| ἐξαλείφω | wipe out | destroy / blot out | Acts 3:19 "that your sins may be wiped out"; Col 2:14; Rev 3:5. "Wipe off" is ἀπαλείφω's |
| διατίθημι | dispose | make / establish / establish | Dispose, arrange, settle by will: the verb of διαθήκη "covenant" (Luke 22:29; Heb 8:10; 9:16–17; 10:16). See 9:17 |
| Ἰάφεθ | Japheth | Japheth / Iapheth | The familiar English form (18) |
| Χανάαν | Canaan | Canaan / Canaan / Chanaan | Acts 7:11; 13:19 |
| Σήμ | Shem | Shem / Sem | The familiar English form (18) |
| πατήρ | father | father | |
| Χάμ | Ham | Ham / Cham | The familiar English form (18) |
| τρεῖς | three | three | |
| διασπείρω | disperse | overspread, scatter abroad / be scattered, scatter abroad / be dispersed | Sow abroad, scatter as seed (Acts 8:1, 4; 11:19); of the root of διασπορά "dispersion" (Jas 1:1; 1 Pet 1:1). "Sow" is σπείρω's |
| φυτεύω | plant (v.) | plant | |
| ἀμπελών | vineyard | vineyard | Matt 20:1; Mark 12:1 |
| ἄρχω | rule (active); begin (middle) | rule; begin | Split by voice (20): active "rule" with a genitive (1:14, 18, 26, 28; Mark 10:42; Rom 15:12), middle "begin" (2:3; Luke 3:23). One root with ἀρχή |
| γεωργός | farmer | husbandman / tiller / farmer | One who works the land (John 15:1 "my Father is the farmer"; 2 Tim 2:6; Jas 5:7); the tenants of the vineyard (Mark 12:1–9). See 9:20 |
| οἶκος | house | house / household | The household as well as the building (Acts 16:31) |
| μεθύω | be drunk | be drunken / become drunk / become drunk | John 2:10; 1 Thess 5:7 |
| πίνω | drink | drink | |
| οἶνος | wine | wine | John 2:3–10; Eph 5:18 |
| γυμνόω | make naked | uncover / lie uncovered / be stripped naked | Strip, lay bare; passive "be made naked" (9:21). One root with γυμνός "naked" (to be declared as a pair, 95) |
| δύο | two | two | |
| γύμνωσις | nakedness | nakedness | 9:22–23, where the Masoretic version reads "bareness" (עֶרְוָה). One root with γυμνός "naked" |
| ἀναγγέλλω | announce | tell | Bring back word, announce (John 4:25; 16:13; Acts 20:27). "Tell" is not a Greek home gloss |
| ἔξω | outside | without / outside | Matt 26:69, 75; John 6:37 "I will not cast out outside." "From outside" is ἔξωθεν's |
| πορεύομαι | go | go | |
| συγκαλύπτω | cover up | cover | Cover completely (Luke 12:2, "nothing is covered up that shall not be uncovered"). "Cover over" is ἐπικαλύπτω's |
| πρόσωπον | face | face | |
| λαμβάνω | take | take | |
| νῶτον | back | shoulder / shoulders / back | Rom 11:10 "bend their back always" |
| ὀπισθοφανής | turned backward | backward | Adjective of ὀπισθοφανῶς (9:23) |
| ἱμάτιον | cloak | garment | The outer garment, beside χιτών "tunic" (Matt 5:40; John 19:23) |
| ὀπισθοφανῶς | facing backward | backward | Adverb, "with the face behind" (9:23) |
| ἐπιτίθημι | lay on | lay upon / lay upon / put on | Lay upon (Mark 6:5 "laid hands on"; Acts 28:3). Middle "lay on oneself," set oneself to do (11:6) |
| νέος | young; younger (comparative) | younger / youngest / younger | Luke 15:12–13 "the younger son"; John 21:18; Titus 2:4. "Youth" is νεότης's |
| γινώσκω | come to know | know | "The wood of coming to know beautiful and evil" (2:17). Kept apart from οἶδα "know" |
| ἐκνήφω | sober up | awake / awake / sober up | Come out of drunkenness (1 Cor 15:34, "sober up justly"), where the Masoretic version reads "awoke" |
| ἐπικατάρατος | accursed | cursed | Under a curse, laid upon (ἐπί) the one cursed (3:14, 17; 4:11); Gal 3:10, 13 quote the form, "accursed is everyone hanging on wood." "Cursed" is left free for the participle of καταράομαι "curse" |
| παῖς | servant; girl (ἡ παῖς, feminine) | servant; damsel / servant; maiden / servant; girl | Split by construction (147f): the feminine ἡ παῖς is "girl," a daughter of the house (24:28, 57; Luke 8:51, 54); "servant" elsewhere (77) |
| οἰκέτης | domestic | servant / slave / domestic | The household slave (Luke 16:13 "no domestic can be slave to two lords"; Rom 14:4; 1 Pet 2:18). "Slave" is δοῦλος's, "servant" παῖς's (77). See 9:25 |
| εὐλογητός | blessed | blessed | "Blessed is the Lord God of Israel" (Luke 1:68; Eph 1:3), the verbless formula (125l). One root with εὐλογέω "bless" (to be declared as a pair, 95). "Happy" is μακάριος's |
| κατοικέω | dwell | dwell / dwell / dwell | One root with οἰκέω "dwell" (to be declared as a pair, 95); "settle" is κατοικίζω's |
| γίνομαι | come to be | let there be; be / come into being | "Let light come to be," "and it came to be thus," "evening came to be": the chapter's verb of making things happen, against the Masoretic version's הָיָה "be." John 1:3 "all things came to be through him." With εἰς of result (2:7) the preposition is not printed |
| πλατύνω | broaden | enlarge | Make broad (Matt 23:5; 2 Cor 6:11, 13). One root with πλάτος "breadth." The Hebrew's pun on Japheth's name (יַפְתְּ … יֶפֶת) is not in the Greek |
| πεντήκοντα | fifty | fifty | |
| ἔτος | year | year | "Twelvemonth" belongs to ἐνιαυτός (142d) |
| τριακόσιοι | three hundred | three hundred | |
| ἐννακόσιοι | nine hundred | nine hundred | |
| ἡμέρα | day | day |